

In 1689, Vauban is ordered by Louis XIV to build three fortified places to protect Bordeaux from any ennemy ship : Fort-Medoc [1] on the left bank, Fort Pate on an islet in the middle of the estuary [2] and the Blaye Citadelle on the left bank. The works began in 1690 and as soon as 1691, a garrison stationed in the Fort. The works lasted 32 years [3]. Fort-Medoc offers its grass-covered ramparts, its large free spaces in front of the buildings and its moats. It has a rectangular shape and is flanked at its four corners by bastions linked by ramparts. The moats are connected to the Gironde by a set of locks which allow to keep a correct level of water, at low or high tide.
300 soldiers could live in the two barracks of the esplanade, but they rarely were more than 100. Only the floors, a few walls and chimneys remain. A tank for potable water [4], a chapel, a bakery, a gunpowder store [5] ensured the main needs of the garrison. Facing the estuary, a Guard House overlooked the bastions [6]. A postern led inside. Though Fort-Medoc was of no military utility, it sheltered a garrison till 1916. The Fort, deserted by the army, deeply damaged during years, started a new life thanks to the "Friends of Fort-Medoc" who restore the buildings, run a museum of local life and offer cultural events.
Fort-Medoc is surrounded by the worldwide most famous Medoc vineyards. This land between Gironde and Atlantic Ocean [7] has several thousands of "chateaux" on its soil [7] [8] [9] [10]. Churches [11], grand crus classes, tasting, visiting wine storehouses and museums dedicated to wine art and crafts, or fish in the river [12] : touring the region is a fantastic experience !
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